Scientific Calculator

Calculate a complete expression

1. Type or paste an expression with explicit multiplication and parentheses. For example, write 2*pi rather than 2pi. Use lowercase function names and digits 0–9. A dot or comma is a decimal mark, never grouping or an argument separator; 1,234 means 1.234.
2. Choose Degrees or Radians before using trig functions. Function calls need parentheses and one argument. Calculate or Enter evaluates the current expression; Shift+Enter inserts a newline. The optional insertion keys add tokens without evaluating. Use example fills sin(30)+sqrt(9) in Degrees and waits for your action.
3. Read the approximate result and any precision warning. Copy includes the current expression, angle mode, displayed result and qualifications, with a selected readonly fallback if clipboard access fails. Edits or a mode change remove the old answer. Clear empties the expression and restores Degrees.

Syntax and scientific functions

Powers bind more tightly than a leading minus and associate to the right: -2^2 is -4, (-2)^2 is 4, 2^-2 is 0.25 and 2^3^2 is 512. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division otherwise fold left within their precedence levels. Use parentheses when you want a different order.

Available functions are abs, sqrt, cbrt, ln, log, exp, sin, cos, tan, asin, acos and atan. ln is natural logarithm, log is base 10 and exp is the natural exponential. pi and e are numerical constants. Scientific notation such as 2e-3 is accepted; 2e is incomplete, not multiplication by e.

Degrees is the initial angle mode. It controls direct trig inputs and inverse-trig outputs, not ordinary numbers or the constant pi. Inverse functions use principal values; asin and acos require an evaluated input from -1 to 1. A negative cube root can use cbrt(-8), while (-8)^(1/3) is rejected by this calculator's negative-base power rule.

The runtime uses binary64 Number and native Math. The display rounds once to at most 15 significant digits; that is a display cap, not an accuracy certificate. Scientific notation is used below a rounded exponent of -6 or at 12 and above. Nonzero residuals are not silently snapped to zero, and large integer-valued inputs or intermediates produce a precision warning.

Ordinary, precedence and precision examples

In Degrees, sin(30)+sqrt(9) is approximately 3.5. In Radians, sin(pi/2) is approximately 1. The angle setting is part of the calculation snapshot and is included when you copy it.

2+3*4 gives 14, while (2+3)*4 gives 20. 8/4/2 gives 1 because the division chain folds left. 2^3^2 gives 512 because the power chain is interpreted as 2^(3^2), not (2^3)^2.

0.1+0.2 displays as 0.3 after rounding, although the stored binary64 value need not be exactly decimal 0.3. The expression (9007199254740992+1)-9007199254740992 evaluates to 0 here with a large-integer warning: that is not proof that the exact mathematical difference is zero.

Deliberate syntax and numerical boundaries

Raw input is limited to 512 UTF-16 code units, each number token to 64, non-whitespace tokens and AST nodes to 256 each, and AST depth to 64 including grouping, unary, power, function and binary nodes. Over-limit input is rejected rather than truncated. There are no variables, implicit multiplication, percentages, factorials, complex values, graphs, programming or saved history.

Every literal and evaluated expression node must be zero or have magnitude from 1e-300 to 1e300. Non-finite values, out-of-range intermediates and detected nonzero-to-zero underflow are errors even if a later operation could bring the expression back into range. Division by zero, 0^0, zero to a negative power and real-domain violations are not answers. Passing these checks does not establish exact decimal arithmetic.

Direct trig inputs are limited to magnitude 1000000 in the selected unit. Tangent is unavailable when the computed cosine magnitude is at most 1e-10, a conservative numerical band near its poles; not every angle in that band is mathematically undefined. Larger-angle reduction, approximate pi and native Math behavior prevent a whole-domain accuracy promise.

Local expression state and intentional Copy

The tool evaluates in page memory without adding expression uploads, value-bearing logs or telemetry, saved history or input-bearing URLs. Reloading starts fresh. Copy is an explicit export you request; browser clipboard handling, other site services and vendors have their own behavior. Local computation is not a whole-site privacy audit.